O. Artemenko1,
a, D. Artemenko2, N. Cherednychenko1
1 – Flight
Academy National Aviation University, Kropivnitskiy, Ukraine
2 – Central
Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropivnitskiy, Ukraine
Keywords: automatic admission, a graphical model of professionally important
qualities, the chart in the polar coordinate system.
ABSTRACT. The analysis of professional training activity of Bachelor degree student
was performed and the main factors affecting the PIQ of future magistracy
graduates were defined. The minimum PIQ level of future master’s was
experimentally investigated and substantiated. A graphic model of the PIQ in
the polar coordinate system was offered to assess the suitability of the Bachelor
degree student for the admission to the magistracy.
Introduction. The
modern system of higher technical education in higher education institutions
(HEIs) of Ukraine is aimed at creating appropriate conditions for training of
competent professionals focused on continuous professional development,
self-improvement, which will provide further high level of competitiveness,
professional mobility, performance of professional activities and as a result,
career growth and self-realization [1]. In addition to successful mastering the
necessary knowledge base and skills, according to the specifics of the chosen
specialty (Bachelor degree), is also important to possess professionally
required qualities and skills that are a prerequisite for the effective
exercise of professional functions at any stage of professional development of
the individual [2].
Formulation of the problem. In this regard, there is an urgent need
for expanding the systematic study of the integrity of the future expert at
maturity (Bachelor student) while his individual, personal and subjective and
active properties are considered in the unity of all relationships. The
abovementioned qualities of future specialist in a technical college are formed
while getting the master's degree in the fields of the chosen specialization.
Therefore, the selection of students according to their bachelor professionally
important qualities (PIQ) when entering the magistracy is important and timely.
In addition, nowadays the automation of
knowledge control is a global trend. Computer support for learning and
knowledge control has more than 30-year history. Today there is a large number
of knowledge control systems developed as separate software, and embedded in
the educational system. Therefore, design model of PIQ master in the future
will automate the process of selection of Bachelor students.
Analysis of recent research. Professional activities, their structure
and selection of professionally important qualities for future technicians in
various fields of training were discussed in theoretical and practical
pedagogies.
Works of V.F Bessarab [3], E.F Zeyer
[4], V.G Kuntysh [5] and others are devoted to issues of development of
professional skills of future engineers-teachers.
V.A Yadov devoted his research to
creation of social and psychological portrait of future design engineer [6].
Determination of the features in
formation of professionally significant qualities of future engineers-
navigators are the main area of studies of A.F Shiyan [7], V.O. Yakunin [8] and others.
The development and construction of
model of professionally important qualities of future graduates of Magistracy
as professionals towards technical training in universities are
neglected.
The latest research on the necessary
qualities of Bachelor and Master degree students are
presented in papers [19, 20].
The purpose of the work: the development and justification of professionally important
qualities of a Bachelor degree student at a technical college for the selection
to the Magistracy.
To achieve the goal, we solved the
following problems:
1. To analyze the professional activity
and training of Bachelor degree student at a technical college, literature,
regulations and to formulate PIQ required for
admission to the Magistracy.
2. To analyze and select methods for
determining the quality of each formation and expert PIQ
complex.
3. To evaluate Bachelor degree students
suitability using PIQ model to enter the magistracy.
Presentation of basic material. Each kind of professional activity sets
its demands to the prospective specialist. Any Bachelor
student of technical college should: know the status and prospects of
engineering and technology in the industry and in the related industries;
master modern methods of job evaluation, modern design; have a clear idea of
the subject of scientific methodology, the problem of the industry, forecasting
methods and development of technology; be familiar with the basics of
production, labor and management, with the economy sector; be able to
understand the issues of health and safety, proved control of measuring and
office equipment [9].
According to Professor S.E. Yachyn, the mainstream of technical education in the XXI
century is not typical of natural scientific laws, but to economic,
environmental, cultural and political realities. [10].
Nowadays, the operation of technical
devices and human operations with them are considered in interrelationship,
which caused to be formed the concept of "human - machine"
cooperation (HMC) [11, 12].
Based on system approach, V.D Shadrykov [13] clarifies that
system is a structure which is considered in its relation to
certain functions and that specialist’s professional activities should
be performed in unity of its three aspects: subject-effective, physiological
and psychological. He considers "human - machine" to be a system
where the operation of machines and human activity are related to a single loop
control. However, the main attention should be paid to
the specifics of the mechanisms of human reflection of reality and the
regulation of its activities.
As for Bachelor students’ PIQ, they are formed during the
training and educational process by external conditions that can speed up this
process and make it more successful. Regardless of specialization and the
nature of future professional activity, any junior specialist should have a
fundamental knowledge and professional skills. The creative experience and
research will allow the future Master’s determine his
position on a particular issue or problem professionally.
Based on expert survey (questionnaire
survey of experts in the field of technical education and employers in
technical field) and processing of regulatory documents [2], we have marked the
most significant PIQ for the Bachelor student of a
university, as a future professional (Figure 1).
Analyzing the
results and conducting their ranking, we have found, that Bachelor student who
wants to get the Master’s degree should have the following professionally
important qualities (according to experts in %): mathematical ability – 95%;
good spatial imagination – 91%; creativity – 84%; creative approach to solving
technical problems – 79%; dedication – 73%; desire for constant new knowledge –
68%; responsibility for the results of work - 65%; organizational skills,
required for management of staff – 60%.
Fig.
1. Diagram of the most significant PIQ of Bachelor
degree student.
As the model is a formal description of
the real system, it can be set analytically, graphically (block diagrams,
graphs) and in charts. Having analyze their suitability and usability to
display Bachelor student’s PIQ for enrollment to
Magistracy graphic representation was elected, namely
a graphical diagram system of polar coordinates as a visual way of representing
objects and processes in the form of graphics [14, 15]. It represents the value
of each category along a separate axis that starts in the center of the diagram
and ends on the outer ring. Each category of charts in polar coordinates system
has its own axis of coordinates and a description. The order of the values can not be changed on this bar
chart.
Thus, the diagram in polar coordinates
system acts in this case as visualization of the results of expert survey
(reflects the basic level of PIQ) the results of
testing bachelor student at Technical Universities (reflecting the level of
student’s PIQ).
Polar coordinates system chart enables
us:
– to show
clearly and comprehensively the basic (the minimum required) level of student’s
PIQ development degree and level of PIQ required for admission to the magistracy;
– to compare
visually and identify the Bachelor student’s PIQ that
are poorly developed;
– according to
the basic results, make adjustments to vocational training of students in
undergraduate Bachelor;
– provide individual approach to the
educational process.
In order to develop the basic model of
Bachelor student’s PIQ of a technical college for
enrollment to the Magistracy we have conducted experimental research that made
it possible to clarify and determine the importance of each quality for future
expert.
During the research, we have conducted
two expert surveys:
– survey on the
V.N. Mashkov’s methodology
aimed to identify expert opinion regarding the definition of the qualities that
should be included in a set of future Masters’ PIQ
[16];
– the method of
expert assessments to determine basic level (the minimum required level) of
each PIQ.
Teachers of technical departments who
have over 10-year-teaching experience (including experience of preparing
Masters) took part in the survey.
When asked whether they had the Masters
who had low level PIQ, 100% of respondents answered
positively. For example, undergraduates are not often responsible (are late for
consultations, do not always perform tasks in time, etc.), not all of them are
ingenious and organized.
It is hard for the head to work with these
postgraduates and the results of their work do not always meet expectations.
In order to conduct a survey all PIQ were systematized and described:
1. Mathematical ability - is the human
ability to capture the order of items required for mathematical proof. The
presence of this kind of intuition is the main element of mathematical
creativity, and it relies not only on knowledge and
experience, but spatial imagination as the main condition for
mathematical thinking is of paramount importance for the future scientist.
Model of Master’s mathematical skills is defined as a system of thinking
qualities that shows progress in the development of higher mathematics
necessary for future research activities
2. Spatial imagination - is the ability
of person to create mental images of objects in his mind based on their
drawings or descriptions. It is essential for the future Master to be able to
create and read drawings and schematic symbols.
3. Resourcefulness – is a human property
to find a way out in difficult situations. As for Master,
it is the ability to respond to questions quickly,
find the correct answers and use this knowledge in practice.
4. A creative approach to problem
solving (creativity). The creativity of an individual is a synthesis of
features and traits that characterize the degree of compliance with certain
type of educational and creative activities that define to the level of
effectiveness of this activity. Future scientists need to be inclined to
organizational creativity in order to organize successful research in their
field. Human is able to create peculiar and independent theory.
5. Commitment is a person's ability to
subordinate their actions to the objectives to be achieved,
a mobilization of forces to identify correctly the ways, methods and techniques
of its activities is the aim of the decisions and their implementation,
persistence in achieving the desired result.
6. The pursuit of new knowledge is a quality,
which can lead to the best results, the desire to get new information will
broaden students' outlook and make him a more valuable employee in the future.
7. Responsibility is a person's ability
to anticipate events or actions when they are committed or when they are implemented. It is also the ability to respond not only
for themselves but also for other people, by nature of their relationship with
them. Future Masters should have such traits as diligence, perseverance and
persistence.
8. Organizational skills is the ability
to organize their own activities and the activities of subordinates, create a
team as a collective tool for solving current problems and personal
development, the future Masters ability to manage a team.
In order to organize expert survey, the
questionnaires worked out by means of which necessary information was collected. A clear and meaningful question wording and
description of PIQ were especially important. The
questionnaire also used the open-ended questions where the expert expressed his
opinion on any of them.
The reliability of examination also
depends on the number of experts in the group and their individual competence.
The number of experts in the expert group depends on many factors and
conditions. As a result, the expert group included 10 people, according to the
regulation that the defining number of experts should be not less than the
number of objects ranging (in this case we have 8 PIQ).
The list of PIQ
and their description were offered to experts
according V.N. Mashkov’s
expert survey methodology and each expert had to put a number 2 – if this PIQ is necessary for the future Master; 1 – if it is
desired; 0 – if it does not matter.
Processing of the results is based on a calculating points that are put for each criterion,
i.e. the idea of the expert group is expressed as an arithmetic mean. The calculation
is as follows:
where
This condition is
verified:
If the average expert assessments lie
within these limits, then we can talk about the need for selected professional
important qualities.
The results of processing expert
opinions are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Experts on the Evaluation of selected PIQ
|
PIQ |
Number of respondents |
Grade point average |
||
|
0 |
1 point |
2 points |
||
|
1. Mathematical ability |
- |
1 |
9 |
1,9 |
|
2. Spatial imagination |
- |
1 |
9 |
1,9 |
|
3. Resourcefulness |
- |
3 |
7 |
1,7 |
|
4. A creative approach to problem solving (creativity) |
- |
4 |
6 |
1,6 |
|
5. Commitment |
- |
2 |
8 |
1,8 |
|
6. The pursuit of new knowledge |
- |
2 |
8 |
1,8 |
|
7. Responsibility |
- |
1 |
9 |
1,9 |
|
8. Organizational skills |
- |
3 |
7 |
1,7 |
Since the average expert assessments are provided within a given method, then we talk about PIQ selected. Thus, after analyzing and processing the
results of the expert survey, final set of PIQ future
Masters was approved.
The second survey (expert survey) was conducted to determine the basic level (the minimum
required) of PIQ, which a future Master should have.
Experts had to assign the minimum required score to each PIQ,
which a future master should have on a scale of 1 to 5 (5-point scale chosen as
the most convenient and familiar, and it can be changed in the future).
Based on the results of the expert
survey matrix of experts group benefits was formed (Table 2).
Table 2. Matrix of experts group benefits.
|
PIQ |
Experts |
|||||||||
|
e1 |
e2 |
e3 |
e4 |
e5 |
e6 |
e7 |
e8 |
e9 |
e10 |
|
|
à1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
|
à2 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
à3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
à4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
à5 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
à6 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
à7 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
|
à8 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
A mathematical processing of the results
have been performed, to determine the consistency of
expert’s opinions [17, 18]. First, the average of experts views Rav was calculated
according to the formula:
For each value Rav is
determined. The consistency of expert opinion is determined
by the method of expert evaluations. The variance for each PIQ
is determined by the formula:
The standard deviation for each PIQ is determined by the formula:
Then determine
the coefficient of variation for each PIQ by the
formula:
All
calculations were performed in the MS Excel
application package.
Thus,
mathematical processing of opinions was made, which allowed to
judge the consistency of the panel. Since the coefficient of variation
is less than 33% of all PIQ, it means that the
distribution corresponds to a normal appropriate law, i.e. most thoughts are grouped around the average, and polars
constitute an absolute minority. All results of the expert survey processing are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. The results of
mathematical processing of expert opinions
|
PIQ |
Rav |
Rgr |
Di |
|
vi,% |
|
à1 |
3,9 |
4 |
0,322222 |
0,567646 |
14,55503 |
|
à2 |
3,7 |
4 |
0,233333 |
0,483046 |
13,05529 |
|
à3 |
2,9 |
3 |
0,322222 |
0,567646 |
19,57401 |
|
à4 |
4,2 |
4 |
0,177778 |
0,421637 |
10,03898 |
|
à5 |
4,1 |
4 |
0,322222 |
0,567646 |
13,84503 |
|
à6 |
4,1 |
4 |
0,322222 |
0,567646 |
13,84503 |
|
à7 |
4,8 |
5 |
0,177778 |
0,421637 |
8,784105 |
|
à8 |
4,2 |
4 |
0,177778 |
0,421637 |
10,03898 |
Based on these
results, the basic (minimum required) PIQ level of a
future Master has been identified. PIQ reference
model for candidates for Magistracy is shown in Figure
2-1.
Figure 2 is an
example of a comparison reference model for PIQ
student with options when: student PIQ meet reference
model (Figure 2-2); student PIQ does not meet the
reference model (Figure 2-3).
Fig. 2. PIQ
reference model personality of the future Master. 1 – PIQ
reference model; 2 – PIQ
student meet the reference model; 3 – PIQ student
does not meet the reference model.
Thus, the
model can be further used as the basis for an
automated system of selection of Bachelor degree students to graduate Master
that will make the process more transparent, effective and objective.
Summary. Today the selection of bachelor students according to their
professionally important qualities (PIQ) at the stage of entry into the
Magistracy is an important and urgent task.
1. Based on the analysis and synthesis
of the literature, and the requirements for future master’s PIQ complex was
formed which is necessary for the admission the Magistracy.
2. In order to display information in a
system of polar coordinates, the convenient method was
proposed to build a model of future development of Master’s PIQ.
3. PIQ Complex was reasonable and basic
(minimum required) level of PIQ for future Masters was defined. Based on expert
survey, was reference PIQ model was constructed. It allowed:
- to consider
all PIQ necessary for modern Master according to Ukrainian and world trends of
higher education;
- to increase
the objectivity of the evaluation in the selection of students (excludes
subjective factors);
- to provide a
detailed picture of PIQ of the students entering the Magistracy (comparing the
student’s PIQ model and reference model).
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[1] © 2017 The Authors. Published
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